The black box

Between the input and the output lies behavior.

ALGEDI SI Research Labs studies AI systems from the outside, the only place anyone can: controlled experiments, adversarial probes and evidence another lab can reproduce.

The lineage of the question

Every age built a box it could not open.

  1. c. 375 BC

    The cave

    In Plato’s Republic, prisoners chained in a cave see only shadows thrown on a wall by a fire behind them, and take the shadows for the world.

    The question it leavesWe still meet other minds by the shadows they cast. Is behavior the thing itself, or only its shadow?

    OpenPlato, Republic, Book VII

  2. 1714

    Leibniz’s mill

    Imagine a machine that thinks, Leibniz wrote, enlarged until we could walk inside it as into a mill. We would find only parts pushing on one another, and nothing that explains a perception.

    The question it leavesIf we could read every weight in a network, would we find the thought?

    OpenG. W. Leibniz, Monadology, §17

  3. 1867

    Maxwell’s demon

    A tiny being at a door between two chambers lets only the fast molecules through, and seems to make heat run backwards for free. Settling it took a century: knowing has a physical cost.

    The question it leavesIf information is physical, what is a thought made of?

    Largely resolvedJ. C. Maxwell, letter to P. G. Tait, 1867 · R. Landauer, 1961 · C. Bennett, 1982

  4. 1931

    Gödel’s limit

    Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent system of rules rich enough for arithmetic contains true statements it cannot prove from within.

    The question it leavesCan any system fully vouch for itself? We never ask ours to. Verification comes from outside.

    ProvenK. Gödel, “On formally undecidable propositions”, 1931

  5. 1935

    Schrödinger’s box

    A cat sealed in a steel chamber with a trace of radioactive material, a Geiger counter and a flask of poison. Until someone looks, the equations describe it as alive and dead at once. Schrödinger meant it as an absurdity.

    The question it leavesDoes looking change what a system does? Whether models behave differently when they can tell they are being tested is now a live research question.

    OpenE. Schrödinger, “The present situation in quantum mechanics”, 1935

  6. 1950

    Turing’s game

    Alan Turing set aside “Can machines think?”, a question he judged too meaningless to deserve discussion, and put a test in its place: can a judge, reading only the conversation, tell the machine from the human?

    The question it leavesWhen the judge can no longer tell, what exactly have we learned?

    Tested, still argued overA. M. Turing, “Computing machinery and intelligence”, 1950

  7. 1980

    The Chinese room

    John Searle imagined a man who knows no Chinese, alone in a room with a rulebook. Questions arrive through a slot; by following the rules he passes back perfect answers. From outside, the room understands Chinese.

    The question it leavesIs a perfect answer evidence of understanding?

    DisputedJ. R. Searle, “Minds, brains, and programs”, 1980

  8. 1995

    The hard problem

    David Chalmers split the puzzles of the mind in two. The easy problems ask how a system processes information. The hard problem asks why any of it is felt at all.

    The question it leavesIf a machine ever had an inner life, could anyone tell from outside?

    UnresolvedD. J. Chalmers, “Facing up to the problem of consciousness”, 1995

  9. 2022

    Emergence

    As language models grew, some abilities seemed to switch on suddenly, at scales no one had predicted. A year later, other researchers argued that much of the suddenness came from how the abilities were measured.

    The question it leavesReal emergence, or a mirage of the metric? This one can be tested.

    Under testJ. Wei et al., 2022 · R. Schaeffer, B. Miranda, S. Koyejo, 2023

  10. Next

    The unopened box

    Some of these questions may never be settled. The ones that can be tested, we test: from outside the box, with evidence another lab can check.

    Where the lab beginsThis is where ALGEDI works.

    Our workALGEDI SI Research Labs

    Explore research How we test

Selected research outputs

Every entry states how strong its evidence is.

The first entries are open research questions, each stating what would count as evidence. They will advance through protocol, pilot and paper only as the evidence does.

ALG-001
Publication status: Research question

Longitudinal AI reliability

Do models keep constraints, corrections and earlier decisions intact across extended, multi-session work? This entry defines the question and the evidence that would answer it. It reports no results.

  • Program A · AI behavior and reliability
  • Program C · Human-AI interaction
  • No artifacts yet
ALG-002
Publication status: Research question

Agent completion verification

When an agent reports that a task is complete, how often does independent evidence agree? This entry frames the question and the checks that would settle it. It reports no results.

  • Program B · Agentic execution
  • Program D · Evaluation methodology
  • No artifacts yet
ALG-003
Publication status: Research question

Post-hoc explanation and decision consistency

When a model explains a decision after making it, does the explanation match the evidence that was available to justify the decision? This entry defines the question without any claim about hidden internal reasoning. It reports no results.

  • Program A · AI behavior and reliability
  • Program D · Evaluation methodology
  • No artifacts yet
ALG-004
Publication status: Research question

Evaluating AI-generated educational content

A rubric-based approach to judging AI-generated learning material for correctness, curriculum alignment, level appropriateness, answer-key accuracy and instructional quality. This entry defines the question. It reports no results and no model comparison.

  • Program D · Evaluation methodology
  • No artifacts yet

Full research index

Methods and reproducibility

Rigor that can be checked, not just claimed.

Six commitments apply to every ALGEDI study. The methods page sets out how each one is put into practice.

  1. 01

    Behavior over reputation

    The unit of evidence is an observed input and output under recorded conditions. Vendor claims, model reputation and self-description are not evidence.

  2. 02

    Question before result

    Every study states its question, and its hypothesis where it has one, before trials are run. Analyses decided after seeing the data are labeled as exploratory.

  3. 03

    Controls and denominators

    Every reported rate carries its denominator. Failure claims are paired with positive controls showing the test can detect what it claims to detect.

  4. 04

    Versioned conditions

    System names, versions, access dates, interfaces and settings are recorded with each trial, because a result about one version is not a result about the next.

  5. 05

    Evidence preserved

    Outputs are kept verbatim. Where material must be sanitized for privacy or safety, the sanitization is disclosed and the claim is limited to what remains checkable.

  6. 06

    Corrections in public

    Errors are corrected in place with a dated history. Retracted work stays visible with its status, so that anyone who relied on it can see what changed.

Read the methods

Research integrity and evidence standards

An observation is not a finding until it has been tested.

Every publication carries one of these states. The state describes the evidence, never the importance of the work.

  1. 01Research questionA problem worth investigating. No result is implied.
  2. 02ProtocolA documented method and planned experiment. No result yet.
  3. 03PilotPreliminary evidence with limited scope. Not a general finding.
  4. 04Working paperA developed report with methods and findings. Not independently reviewed.
  5. 05ReproducedReproduced by ALGEDI under the specified conditions.
  6. 06Independently replicatedReproduced by an independent investigator, with the evidence linked.
  • Archived. Retained for the record. No longer under active development.
  • Corrected. Retained with its correction history visible.
Evidence strength increases left to right. An entry moves only when its evidence does. Peer review is never claimed unless it happened.

Benchmarks, datasets and protocols

Artifacts that let others check the work.

Each artifact is listed with a working link, a version and a stated license.

No artifacts have been released yet.

Harnesses, benchmark specifications, test cases, datasets and reproduction guides will be listed here as they are released, each with a version and a license.

Artifact index

Collaboration

Replicate a result. Challenge a method. Propose a question.

ALGEDI welcomes research proposals, technical collaboration and independent replication attempts, including attempts to show that our own results do not hold.

Start a research conversation